July 2022

Ansible is a popular open-source Infrastructure as Code (IaC) tool that can be used to complete common IT tasks like cloud provisioning and configuration management across a wide array of infrastructure components. Commonly seen as a solution to multi-cloud configurations, automation, and continuous delivery issues, Ansible is considered by many to be an industry standard in the modern cloud landscape.

Ansible Collections are the latest standard for managing Ansible content, empowering users to install roles, modules, and plugins with less developer and administrative overhead than ever before.
The Linode Ansible collection provides the basic plugins needed to get started using Linode services with Ansible right away.

This guide shows how to:

Caution

Before You Begin

Note

The steps outlined in this guide require
Ansible version 2.9.10 or greater and were tested on a Linode running Ubuntu 22.04. The instructions can be adapted to other Linux distributions or operating systems.

1. Provision a server that acts as the Ansible
   control node, from which other compute instances are deployed. Follow the instructions in our
   Creating a Compute Instance guide to create a Linode running Ubuntu 22.04. A shared CPU 1GB Nanode is suitable. You can also use an existing workstation or laptop if you prefer.

2. Add a limited Linux user to your control node Linode by following the
   Add a Limited User Account section of our
   Setting Up and Securing a Compute Instance guide. Ensure that all commands for the rest of this guide are entered as your limited user.

3. Ensure that you have performed system updates:

   sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade
   

4. Install Ansible on your control node. Follow the steps in the
   Install Ansible section of the
   Getting Started With Ansible – Basic Installation and Setup guide.

5. Ensure you have Python version 2.7 or higher installed on your control node. Issue the following command to check your system’s Python version:

   python --version
   

   Many operating systems, including Ubuntu 22.04, instead have Python 3 installed by default. The Python 3 interpreter can usually be invoked with the python3 command, and the remainder of this guide assumes Python 3 is installed and used. For example, you can run this command to check your Python 3 version:

   python3 --version
   

6. Install the pip package manager:

   sudo apt install python3-pip
   

7. Generate a Linode API v4 access token with permission to read and write Linodes and record it in a password manager or other safe location. Follow the
   Get an Access Token section of the
   Getting Started with the Linode API guide.

Install the Linode Ansible Collection

The Linode Ansible collection is currently open-source and hosted on both a
public Github repository and on
Ansible Galaxy. Ansible Galaxy is Ansible’s own community-focused repository, providing information on and access to a wide array of
Ansible collections and
Ansible roles. Ansible Galaxy support is built into the latest versions of Ansible by default. While users can install the Linode Ansible collection
from source or by
using git, these steps show how to use Ansible Galaxy:

1. Install required dependencies for Ansible:

   sudo -H pip3 install -Iv 'resolvelib<0.6.0'
   

2. Download the latest version of the Linode Ansible collection using the ansible-galaxy command:

   ansible-galaxy collection install linode.cloud
   

   Once the collection is installed, all configuration files are stored in the default ~/.ansible/collections/ansible_collections/ collections folder.

3. Install the Python module dependencies required for the Linode Ansible collection. The Linode collection’s installation directory contains a requirements.txt file that lists the Python dependencies, including the official
   Python library for the Linode API v4. Use pip to install these dependencies:

   sudo pip3 install -r .ansible/collections/ansible_collections/linode/cloud/requirements.txt
   

The Linode Ansible collection is now installed and ready to deploy and manage Linode services.

Configure Ansible

When interfacing with the Linode Ansible collection, it is generally good practice to use variables to securely store sensitive strings like API tokens. This section shows how to securely store and access the
Linode API Access token (generated in the
Before You Begin section) along with a root password that is assigned to new Linode instances. Both of these are encrypted with
Ansible Vault.

Create an Ansible Vault Password File

1. From the control node’s home directory, create a development directory to hold user-generated Ansible files. Then navigate to this new directory:

   mkdir development && cd development
   

2. In the development directory, create a new empty text file called .vault-pass (with no file extension). Then generate a unique, complex new password (for example, by using a password manager), copy it into the new file, and save it. This password is used to encrypt and decrypt information stored with Ansible Vault:

   File: ~/development/.vault-pass

   1	<PasteYourAnsibleVaultPasswordHere>

   This is an Ansible Vault password file. A password file provides your Vault password to Ansible Vault’s encryption commands. Ansible Vault also offers other options for password management. To learn more about password management, read Ansible’s
   Providing Vault Passwords documentation.

3. Set permissions on the file so that only your user can read and write to it:

   chmod 600 .vault-pass
   

   Caution

   Do not check this file into version control. If this file is located in a Git repository, add it to your
   .gitignore file.

Create an Ansible Configuration File

Create an Ansible configuration file called ansible.cfg with a text editor of your choice. Copy this snippet into the file:

File: ~/development/ansible.cfg

1 2	[defaults] VAULT_PASSWORD_FILE = ./vault-pass

These lines specify the location of your password file.

Encrypt Variables with Ansible Vault

1. Create a directory to store variable files used with your
   Ansible playbooks:

   mkdir -p ~/development/group_vars/
   

2. Make a new empty text file called vars.yml in this directory. In the next steps, your encrypted API token and root password are stored in this file:

   touch ~/development/group_vars/vars.yml
   

3. Generate a unique, complex new password (for example, by using a password manager) that should be used as the root password for new compute instances created with the Linode Ansible collection. This should be different from the Ansible Vault password specified in the .vault-pass file.

4. Use the following ansible-vault encrypt_string command to encrypt the new root password, replacing MySecureRootPassword with your password. Because this command is run from inside your ~/development directory, the Ansible Vault password in your .vault-pass file is used to perform the encryption:

    ansible-vault encrypt_string 'MySecureRootPassword' --name 'password' | tee -a group_vars/vars.yml
   

   In the above command, tee -a group_vars/vars.yml appends the encrypted string to your vars.yml file. Once completed, output similar to the following appears:

   password: !vault |
       $ANSIBLE_VAULT;1.1;AES256
       30376134633639613832373335313062366536313334316465303462656664333064373933393831
       3432313261613532346134633761316363363535326333360a626431376265373133653535373238
       38323166666665376366663964343830633462623537623065356364343831316439396462343935
       6233646239363434380a383433643763373066633535366137346638613261353064353466303734
       3833

5. Run the following command to add a newline at the end of your vars.yml file:

   echo "" >> group_vars/vars.yml
   

6. Use the following ansible-vault encrypt_string command to encrypt your Linode API token and append it to your vars.yml file, replacing MyAPIToken with your own access token:

   ansible-vault encrypt_string 'MyAPIToken' --name 'api-token' | tee -a group_vars/vars.yml
   

7. Run the following command to add another newline at the end of your vars.yml file:

   echo "" >> group_vars/vars.yml
   

   Your vars.yml file should now resemble:

   File: ~/development/group_vars/vars.yml

   1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

   password: !vault | $ANSIBLE_VAULT;1.1;AES256 30376134633639613832373335313062366536313334316465303462656664333064373933393831 3432313261613532346134633761316363363535326333360a626431376265373133653535373238 38323166666665376366663964343830633462623537623065356364343831316439396462343935 6233646239363434380a383433643763373066633535366137346638613261353064353466303734 3833 token: !vault | $ANSIBLE_VAULT;1.1;AES256 65363565316233613963653465613661316134333164623962643834383632646439306566623061 3938393939373039373135663239633162336530373738300a316661373731623538306164363434 31656434356431353734666633656534343237333662613036653137396235353833313430626534 3330323437653835660a303865636365303532373864613632323930343265343665393432326231 61313635653463333630636631336539643430326662373137303166303739616262643338373834 34613532353031333731336339396233623533326130376431346462633832353432316163373833 35316333626530643736636332323161353139306533633961376432623161626132353933373661 36663135323664663130

Understanding Fully Qualified Collection Namespaces

Ansible is now configured and the Linode Ansible collection is installed. You can create
playbooks to leverage the collection and create compute instances and other Linode resources.

Within playbooks, the Linode Ansible collection is further divided by resource types through the
Fully Qualified Collection Name(FQCN) affiliated with the desired resource. These names serve as identifiers that help Ansible to more easily and authoritatively delineate between modules and plugins within a collection.

Modules

Below is a table of all FQCNs currently included with the Linode Ansible collection and a short overview of their purpose:

The links in the table above correspond to the GitHub pages for each FQCN. These pages contain a list of all available configuration options for the resource the module applies to. A full dynamically updated list of all resources can be found in the
Linode Ansible Collections Github Repo.

Inventory Plugins

Deploy a Linode with the Linode Ansible Collection

This section shows how to write a playbook that leverages the Linode Ansible collection and your encrypted API token and root password to create a new Linode instance:

1. Create a playbook file called deploylinode.yml in your ~/development directory. Copy this snippet into the file and save it:

   File: ~/development/deploylinode.yml

   1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

   - name: Create Linode Instance hosts: localhost vars_files: - ./group_vars/vars.yml tasks: - name: Create a Linode instance linode.cloud.instance: api_token: "{{ api_token }}" label: my-ansible-linode type: g6-nanode-1 region: us-east image: linode/ubuntu22.04 root_pass: "{{ password }}" state: present

   • The playbook contains the Create Linode Instance play. When run, the control node receives the necessary instructions from Ansible and uses the Linode API to deploy infrastructure as needed.

   • The vars_files key provides the location of the variable file or files used to populate information related to tasks for the play.

   • The task in the playbook is defined by the name, which serves as a label, and the FQCN used to configure the resource, in this case a Linode compute instance.

   • The configuration options associated with the FQCN are defined. The configuration options for each FQCN are unique to the resource.

     For options where secure strings are used, the encrypted variables in the ./group_vars/vars.yml file are inserted. This includes the API token and root password.

2. Once the playbook is saved, enter the following command to run it and create a Linode Nanode instance. Because this command is run from inside your ~/development directory, the Ansible Vault password in your .vault-pass file is used by the playbook to decrypt the variables:

   ansible-playbook deploylinode.yml
   

   Once completed, output similar to the following appears:

   PLAY [Create Linode] *********************************************************************
   
   TASK [Gathering Facts] *******************************************************************
   ok: [localhost]
   
   TASK [Create a new Linode.] **************************************************************
   changed: [localhost]
   
   PLAY RECAP *******************************************************************************
   localhost                  : ok=3    changed=1    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=0    rescued=0    ignored=0

More Information

You may wish to consult the following resources for additional information
on this topic. While these are provided in the hope that they will be
useful, please note that we cannot vouch for the accuracy or timeliness of
externally hosted materials.